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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">js高程读书笔记 第17章 错误处理与调试</h1>
        

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        <p>[TOC]</p>
<h1 id="本章内容"><a href="#本章内容" class="headerlink" title="本章内容"></a>本章内容</h1><ul>
<li>理解浏览器报告的错误</li>
<li>处理错误</li>
<li>调试JavaScript代码<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="错误处理"><a href="#错误处理" class="headerlink" title="错误处理"></a>错误处理</h1><h2 id="try-catch语句"><a href="#try-catch语句" class="headerlink" title="try-catch语句"></a>try-catch语句</h2><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//可能会导致错误的代码</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span>(error) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//在错误发生时怎么处理</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>catch块会接收到一个而包含错误信息的对象，即使不想使用这个错误对象，也要给它起名字。这个对象中包含的实际信息会因浏览器而异，共同点是有一个保存着错误消息的message属性。</p>
<p>ECMA-262规定了这个错误类型的name属性。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">window</span>.someNonexistentFunction();</span><br><span class="line">&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span>(e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(e.message);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li><p>finally子句<br>finally子句一经使用，其代码无论如何都会执行。</p>
</li>
<li><p>错误类型</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Error</li>
<li>EvalError</li>
<li>RangeError</li>
<li>ReferenceError</li>
<li>SyntaxError</li>
<li>TypeError</li>
<li>URIError</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="抛出错误"><a href="#抛出错误" class="headerlink" title="抛出错误"></a>抛出错误</h2><p>throw操作符，用于随时抛出自定义错误。</p>
<p>在遇到throw操作符时，代码会立即停止执行。仅当有try-catch语句捕获到被抛出的值时，代码才会继续执行。</p>
<p>在创建自定义错误消息时最常用的错误类型是Error、RangeEroor、ReferenceError和TypeError。</p>
<p>此时，需要为新创建的错误类型指定name和message属性。<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">CustomError</span>(<span class="params">message</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = <span class="string">"CustomError"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.message = message;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CustomError.prototype = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> CustomError(<span class="string">"My message"</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="错误事件"><a href="#错误事件" class="headerlink" title="错误事件"></a>错误事件</h2><p>任何没有通过try-catch处理的错误都会出发window对象的error事件。onerror事件处理程序可以接受三个参数：错误消息、错误所在的URL和行号。</p>
<p>图像也支持error事件。只要图像的src特性中的URL不能返回可以被识别的图像格式，就会触发error事件。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> image= <span class="keyword">new</span> Image();</span><br><span class="line">EventUtil.addHandler(image, <span class="string">"load"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">event</span>)</span>&#123;<span class="comment">//addEventListener</span></span><br><span class="line">    alert(<span class="string">"Image loaded!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">EventUtil.addHandler(image, <span class="string">"error"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">event</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    alert(<span class="string">"Image not loaded!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">image.src = <span class="string">"smilex.gif"</span>;<span class="comment">//指定不存在的文件。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="常见的错误类型"><a href="#常见的错误类型" class="headerlink" title="常见的错误类型"></a>常见的错误类型</h2><ul>
<li>类型转换错误</li>
<li>数据类型错误</li>
<li>通信错误</li>
</ul>
<p>关于数据类型错误，大体上来说，基本类型的值应该使用typeof来洁厕，而对象的值应该使用instanceof来检测。</p>
<p>通信错误一般会出现在Ajax编程中，URL通信调用encodeURIComponent()对象对数据进行编码。</p>
<h2 id="区分致命错误和非致命错误"><a href="#区分致命错误和非致命错误" class="headerlink" title="区分致命错误和非致命错误"></a>区分致命错误和非致命错误</h2><p>对于致命错误，例如<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>, len = mods.length; i &lt; len; i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    mods[i].init();<span class="comment">//可能会导致致命错误</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//下列代码可以将所有模块的错误编程非致命的</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>, len = mods.length; i &lt; len; i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        mods[i].init();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span>(e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//在这处理错误</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="把错误记录到服务器"><a href="#把错误记录到服务器" class="headerlink" title="把错误记录到服务器"></a>把错误记录到服务器</h2><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">logError</span>(<span class="params">sev, msg</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> img = <span class="keyword">new</span> Image();</span><br><span class="line">    img.src = <span class="string">"log.php?sev="</span> + <span class="built_in">encodeURIComponent</span>(sev) + <span class="string">"&amp;msg="</span> + <span class="built_in">encodeURIComponent</span>(msg);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里使用了Image对象来发送请求，这样做非常灵活</p>
<ul>
<li>所有浏览器都支持Image对象，包括哪些不支持XMLHttpRequest对象的浏览器。</li>
<li>可以避免跨域限制。</li>
<li>在记录错误的过程中出问题的概率比较低。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>, len = mods.length; i &lt; len ; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       mods[i].init();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span>(e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">       logError(<span class="string">"nonfatal"</span>, <span class="string">"Module init failed: "</span> + e.message);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="调试技术"><a href="#调试技术" class="headerlink" title="调试技术"></a>调试技术</h1><h2 id="将消息记录到控制台"><a href="#将消息记录到控制台" class="headerlink" title="将消息记录到控制台"></a>将消息记录到控制台</h2><p>通过console对象向JavaScript控制台写入信息。</p>
<ul>
<li>error</li>
<li>info</li>
<li>log</li>
<li>warn</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="将消息记录到当前页面"><a href="#将消息记录到当前页面" class="headerlink" title="将消息记录到当前页面"></a>将消息记录到当前页面</h2><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">log</span>(<span class="params">message</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> <span class="built_in">console</span> = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">"debuginfo"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(consile ===<span class="literal">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span> = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">"div"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.id = <span class="string">"debuginfo"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.background = <span class="string">"#dedede"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.border = <span class="string">"1px solid silver"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.padding = <span class="string">"5px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.width = <span class="string">"400px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.position = <span class="string">"absolute"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.right = <span class="string">"0px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.style.top = <span class="string">"0px"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">document</span>.body.appendChild(<span class="built_in">console</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.innerHTML += <span class="string">"&lt;p&gt;"</span> + message + <span class="string">"&lt;/p&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="抛出错误-1"><a href="#抛出错误-1" class="headerlink" title="抛出错误"></a>抛出错误</h2><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">assert</span>(<span class="params">condition, message</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!condition) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(message);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="常见的IE错误"><a href="#常见的IE错误" class="headerlink" title="常见的IE错误"></a>常见的IE错误</h1><h2 id="操作终止-operation-aborted"><a href="#操作终止-operation-aborted" class="headerlink" title="操作终止 operation aborted"></a>操作终止 operation aborted</h2><h2 id="未知运行时错误"><a href="#未知运行时错误" class="headerlink" title="未知运行时错误"></a>未知运行时错误</h2><p>span标签不能包含div之类的块级元素</p>
<h1 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h1><ul>
<li>在可能发生错误的地方使用try-catch语句，这样有机会以适当的方式对错误给出响应。</li>
<li>使用window.onerror事件处理程序，这种方式可以接受try-catch不能处理的所有错误</li>
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#本章内容"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">本章内容</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#错误处理"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">错误处理</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#try-catch语句"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">try-catch语句</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#抛出错误"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">抛出错误</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#错误事件"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">错误事件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#常见的错误类型"><span class="nav-number">2.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">常见的错误类型</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#区分致命错误和非致命错误"><span class="nav-number">2.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">区分致命错误和非致命错误</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#把错误记录到服务器"><span class="nav-number">2.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">把错误记录到服务器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#调试技术"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">调试技术</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#将消息记录到控制台"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">将消息记录到控制台</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#将消息记录到当前页面"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">将消息记录到当前页面</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#抛出错误-1"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">抛出错误</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#常见的IE错误"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">常见的IE错误</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#操作终止-operation-aborted"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">操作终止 operation aborted</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#未知运行时错误"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">未知运行时错误</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#小结"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">小结</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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